Conversion of Industrial Sludge into Activated Biochar for Effective Cationic Dye Removal: Characterization and Adsorption Properties Assessment

This paper presents an in-depth characterization of a raw industrial sludge (IS-R) and its KOH-activated biochar pyrolyzed at 750 °C (IS-KOH-B) followed by their application to remove cationic dye from aqueous solution. Materials shows that compared the IS-R, IS-KOH-B has improved structural, textural, surface chemical properties. In particular, IS-KOH-B’s BET area total pore volume are about 78 6 times higher than those found for respectively. The activated efficiently retained under wide experimental conditions. Indeed, initial concentration 50 mg L?1, removal yields were assessed be more 92.5%, 93.5%, 97.8% large pH range (4–10), in presence high contents competing cations (3000 L?1 Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+), low used adsorbent dose (1 g L?1), Langmuir’s adsorption capacities 48.5 65.9 g?1 IS-R IS-KOH-B, respectively, which reported various adsorbents literature. was monolayer, spontaneous, endothermic both adsorbents. Moreover, this process seems controlled reactions whereas physico–chemical IS-R. study demonstrates especially derived could considered as promising dyes solutions.